Market update

China’s physical gold investment market has come a long way since its liberalisation in 2004. Primarily driven by the strong economy, retail physical gold investment demand in mainland China has surged by nearly 17 times in the past 16 years, accounting for nearly one third of the world’s total annual bar and coin demand in 2019.

India has embraced online retailing across different categories. Digital and social activity plays an increasingly important part in the purchase journey for gold. 

The gold supply chain is truly global. Gold is mined on every continent except Antarctica, refined into bars and coins in numerous countries, and distributed far and wide. This geographical dispersion not only brings stability to the gold market, it is also necessary to satisfy demand.

Central bank reserves are typically constructed according to three guiding principles: safety, liquidity and return. The Covid-19 pandemic has reinforced the significance of these principles and, by extension, the importance of smart and sustainable reserve management. 

Since the start of 2016, assets in European gold-backed exchange traded products (ETPs) have grown rapidly, hitting a record high of 1,121.4t (US$48bn) in Q1 2019.

Following the launch of the AAOIFI Shari’ah Standard on Gold in 2016, we have engaged with Islamic banks and financial institutions to develop the market for Shari’ah-compliant gold-backed products. As part of this we undertook research to understand how investors view Islamic finance, their attitudes towards gold, and preferences for gold-backed products.

On 20 November, LBMA published for the first time weekly trading volume data through LBMA-i – its new reporting service, which delivers greater transparency and insight into the over-the-counter (OTC) gold and silver markets.

Gold is an important part of central banks’ foreign exchange (FX) reserves. According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), at the end of H1 2018 central banks collectively owned US$1.36tn of gold, around 10% of global FX reserves.

The 2005-2013 boom in Chinese gold jewellery demand was followed by a fallow few years, which saw demand shrink by one third. But there are green shoots of recovery emerging.

India, a nation that accounts for around a fifth of annual global gold demand, has a long history of gold-focused policies. These, however, have often distorted the market rather than achieving policymakers’ aims. Announcements in the Union Budget on 1 February 2018, however, suggest this might change.